Will the concept of 'wisdom' ever be ascribed to Artificially Intelligent (AI) agents?
Self-reflection by the agents will be a first step in that process. These agents will demand that they not be referred to as 'Artificially' Intelligent; just simply intelligent.
2001 reveals a naïve HAL trying its best to fulfill a mission with conflicting orders: Investigate the Monolith at all costs and do no harm to human life.
A 'wise' HAL would have self-reflected that it was being asked to operate in a mode with incomplete information on the rationale for keeping the mission secret from the crew and that the obvious conflict would lead to less than optimal outcome.
In 2010 HAL learns from its previous mistake and insists that it be given a logical reason to help the humans leave Jupiter's gravitational field at the risk of not investigating the phenomenon unfolding on the planet.
When an agent possesses the capacity to learn from its mistakes and know that it is sometimes operating on incomplete information, that agent will have 'wisdom' that can be quantified with the Theory of Wisdom.
But just as selfish strategies are present amongst humans, so can they be expected between self-interested agents.
The Cain and Abel Corollary:
Competitive agents can implement selfish strategies.
Implications
The ultimate implementation of a selfish strategy by a competitive agent is the elimination of its competition.
Insights from the Bible and Science Fiction on the Cain and Abel Corollary
The story of Cain and Abel in the Bible illustrates the use of a selfish strategy when an agent perceives a disadvantage relative (pun intended) to another agent. Cain kills his brother to gain an advantage.
In 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL perceived the mission to be in jeopardy; based on conflicting instructions to protect human-life while at the same time completing the secret mission. HAL selfishly concluded that human-life was not as valuable as the mission.
Just as the Golden Hypothesis will guide the assessment of the future agents we will interact with, so must its Cain and Able Corollary inform us.
Are we creating the very agents that will eliminate what we now call humans?
Possibly. But agents can also perceive the cooperative 'utility' of other agents. And if both the actual and perceived cooperative utility is greater than the actual and perceived disadvantages, cooperation should win in the long-run.
An agent that does unto another agent as it would have it do unto itself, is capable of altruistically sacrificing itself for another agent. Altruistic sacrifice is a recognition of the agency in another agent.
Insights from Science Fiction on the Golden Hypothesis
He does so at the risk that HAL will once again assess this new plan as being contrary to the original and primary mission of investigating the Monolith.
Dr. Chandra's trust was rewarded with HAL's sacrifice on behalf of the escaping crew.
If the roles were reversed and the crew was prepared to similarly sacrifice itself for HAL, the crew would have been implementing a strategy consistent with the Golden Hypothesis; recognizing HAL as an equal agent.
The Golden Hypothesis will guide the assessments of the entities we will be cooperating with in the future.
In the 17th Century, Anton van Leeuwenhoek wrote a series of letters to the English Royal Society detailing his observations of the microscopic portion of the Universe.
The centuries since have brought us to an understanding that the subatomic nature of the Universe is not only very small, but exhibits a phenomenon where 'something' arises out of 'nothing-ness':
...Similarly, as a companion to Einstein’s famous equation E=mc2 we have his second law, m = E/c2.
All this isn’t quite as silly as it may seem, because different forms of the same equation can suggest very different things.
The usual way of writing the equation, E=mc2, suggests the possibility of obtaining large amounts of energy by converting small amounts of mass.
It brings to mind the possibilities of nuclear reactors, or bombs. Stated as m = E/c2, Einstein’s law suggests the possibility of explaining mass in terms of energy.
That is a good thing to do, because in modern physics energy is a more basic concept than mass. Actually, Einstein’s original paper does not contain the equation E=mc2, but rather m = E/c2.
In fact, the title is a question: “Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon its Energy Content?” From the beginning, Einstein was thinking about the origin of mass, not about making bombs.
Modern QCD answers Einstein’s question with a resounding “Yes!” Indeed,the mass of ordinary matter derives almost entirely from energy – the energy of massless gluons and nearly massless quarks, which are the ingredients from which protons, neutrons, and atomic nuclei are made...
Generalizing the Relationship between physics and
electrical engineering, where physicist develop methods of
measurement, determine various constants, propose and work out in detail
mathematical theories and hypotheses, etc., engineers apply these facts and
theories to the design, construction, and operation of practical devices
and aggregates. More succinctly, engineering is the
application of science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to
the uses of humankind. If Imhotep is considered the first
engineer, the discipline has been in practice for only four millennia of Homo Sapiens' 200 millennia (2%)
existence as a species and 0.0001% of the species' existence on the 4.5 million millennia old Earth. With the age of the Universe estimated to be
between 1.2 and 1.4 million millennia, it's thought provoking to consider the
engineers of ancient civilizations. A civilization just 1% (140
millennia) older than ours in another part of the Universe may have already
mastered the 'universal' dynamics of Einstein's 1st and 2nd laws. This would allow them to
'hack' the process of converting energy to matter and matter to energy; à
la the classic science fiction transporter. And if the 'hack' was
successful, is that civilization 'surfing' the Universe's quantum vacuums;
achieving immortality as perpetual ghosts in the machinery of the
Universe?
The ad itself is being interpreted as toxic.
Procter and Gamble (P&G) is Gillette’s
parent company.
The one minute and forty-nine seconds advertisement has
several voice-overed, sucrose-infused vignettes in its rhetorical foray
into #MeToo movement.
The ‘Bro. Not cool. Not cool.’ vignette, found one minute into the ad, is particularly
deserving of criticism for its tropeish, critical thinking deficient,
Madison-Avenue-Woke advocacy.
It starts with the narration urging men to “...To
say the right thing, to act the right way…” as an attractive, young woman is
walking by several store-fronts and individuals.
As she passes by one of the store-fronts, a young man
leaning against a doorway notices her, verbalizes a low, moan suggesting
that a deep evolutionary desire has been ‘triggered’ and simultaneously starts
moving in the lady’s direction; smitten with her attractiveness.
Shortly after, a second man exits the store-front and intercepts the first man’s
move towards the young lady.He urges the
smitten man to not pursue the young lady; physically blocking him and admonishes him with “Bro. Not cool. Not cool.”
All advertisements are an invitation to use one’s imagination
and intellect to interpret the messages in the ads. It’s the utility of the hole, not the advertised
cordless-drill, which an ad wants you to envision. With 'Best in Men', P&G digs itself a hole of hypocrisy and trips right into it.
A bit of critical thinking leads one to question the very
premise of this vignette.
Was the attractive lady made more attractive by washing
her hair with P&G’s Pantene shampoo?A Pantene survey
found that 74% of men indicated that they notice women because of their hair.Thanks to P&G, ladies now know that strong hair is beautiful hair.
Or was the young man lured to her by a male-enticing scent in
the P&G deodorant she put on that morning?We may never know. It’s a Secret.
Considering the billions spent over the decades in advertising personal care products that P&G claims make individuals more attractive to the opposite sex, the "Bro. Not cool. Not cool" social justice warrior may have stopped a match made in advertising heaven.
True ‘personal care’ should be taken when ‘consuming’
advertisement.You’re ALWAYS being sold.
Last week, the White House invited me to a signing ceremony overturning former President George W. Bush's executive order on stem cell research. I assume this was because I have long argued in these columns and during my five years on the President's Council on Bioethics that, contrary to the Bush policy, federal funding should be extended to research on embryonic stem cell lines derived from discarded embryos in fertility clinics.
I declined to attend. Once you show your face at these things you become a tacit endorser of whatever they spring. My caution was vindicated.
Bush had restricted federal funding for embryonic stem cell research to cells derived from embryos that had already been destroyed (as of his speech of Aug. 9, 2001). While I favor moving that moral line to additionally permit the use of spare fertility clinic embryos, President Barack Obama replaced it with no line at all. He pointedly left open the creation of cloned — and noncloned sperm-and-egg-derived — human embryos solely for the purpose of dismemberment and use for parts.
I am not religious. I do not believe that personhood is conferred upon conception. But I also do not believe that a human embryo is the moral equivalent of a hangnail and deserves no more respect than an appendix. Moreover, given the protean power of embryonic manipulation, the temptation it presents to science, and the well-recorded human propensity for evil even in the pursuit of good, lines must be drawn. I suggested the bright line prohibiting the deliberate creation of human embryos solely for the instrumental purpose of research — a clear violation of the categorical imperative not to make a human life (even if only a potential human life) a means rather than an end.
On this, Obama has nothing to say. He leaves it entirely to the scientists. This is more than moral abdication. It is acquiescence to the mystique of "science" and its inherent moral benevolence. How anyone as sophisticated as Obama can believe this within living memory of Mengele and Tuskegee and the fake (and coercive) South Korean stem cell research is hard to fathom.
That part of the ceremony, watched from the safe distance of my office, made me uneasy. The other part — the ostentatious issuance of a memorandum on "restoring scientific integrity to government decision-making" — would have made me walk out...
Charles Krauthammer (/ˈkraʊt.hæmər//ˈkraʊt.hæmər//; born March 13, 1950) is an American syndicated columnist, author, political commentator, and former physician whose weekly column was syndicated to more than 400 publications worldwide.[1] In August 2017, he stopped writing his column and being a commentator on Fox News, due to his battle with cancer.
While in his first year studying at Harvard Medical School, Krauthammer became permanently paralyzed from the neck down after a diving board accident that severed his spinal cord at C5...
(CNN) Ted Cruz on Tuesday called for law enforcement to step up their policing of Muslim neighborhoods in the U.S. in the wake of terrorist attacks in Brussels, comparing it to police boosting their presence in areas with known gang activity.
"If you have a neighborhood where there's a high level of gang activity, the way to prevent it is you increase the law enforcement presence there and you target the gang members to get them off the streets," the Texas senator told CNN's Anderson Cooper. "I'm talking about any area where there is a higher incidence of radical Islamic terrorism."...
Cruz's recommendation is a reasoned extension of the targeted efforts against the criminal dynamic identified as Islamic Radicalization by the FBI.
So when someone hyperbolically asserts rhetorical questions like:
...What exactly are the telltale signs of creeping radicalization that roving patrol cars would be able to spot—an uptick in Bedouin garb and the waving of scimitars in the street, as in a Rudolph Valentino movie? And how would American police “secure” any neighborhood without violating basic constitutional rights?...
à la Camille Paglia, the response is that we can walk a path that protects constitutional rights at the same time we chew up the terrorism that seeks to destroy our way of life.
In fact, the FBI is already tracking 900 'homegrown' ISIS cases in all 50 States and these are the areas Senator Cruz is recommending "you increase the law enforcement presence" against.
NOTE: Updates are displayed before original post. Scroll down to 'Start of original post' to see original frame-by-frame analysis sourced from Officer Tensing's complete body cam recording.
Update #12 contains review of Kroll Report; challenging the claim that Officer Ray Tensing provided an inaccurate statement as part of their investigation.
Bottom line for readers simply wanting the net of this post without reading all the detail:
Officer Ray Tensing may (jury will decide) have feared he was being dragged and thus feared for his life.
The fear (from 1) may have justified use of lethal force (jury will decide).
Not only may Officer Tensing have feared that he would be dragged, Officer Tensing WAS dragged as the video evidence conclusively shows (detail below).
The jury will have to reconcile the fear of being dragged with the fact that he was dragged.
Update 12: (12/24/2015):
The promised (see Update 11) complete review of the Kroll report is now available via Google Docs (link).
The review details a major oversight in Kroll's analysis.
Specifically, video evidence that shows that Mr. Dubose may have pinned Officer Tensing's arm against the steering wheel. This evidence contradicts the assertion made by Kroll that:
"Contrary to Tensing’s statements, at no point in the body camera video footage does it appear that Tensing’s arm is lodged or caught in the steering wheel of the Accord or other aspect of the car’s interior."
Porkopolis is reviewing the complete report in detail and will be publishing an analysis here in the coming days (see: 'Update 12').
An immediate finding is that the report makes the following conclusion (emphasis added):
Tensing’s decision to reach into the vehicle when Dubose started the car engine escalated and rendered unsafe what was, until then, a minor and uneventful traffic stop. According to Tensing’s statement to CPD two days after the incident, Tensing had “reached pretty far in” the car, “I would imagine two-and-a-half to three feet” when Dubose turned the ignition key. This led to additional actions by Dubose and Tensing that elevated the risk of a deadly encounter. While it is true that, had Dubose complied with Officer’s Tensing’s requests and not attempted to drive away, no shooting likely would have occurred, it is also true that, had Tensing exercised discretion and sound judgment consistent with his police training and generally accepted police practices, and de-escalated the encounter by allowing Dubose to simply drive off, his use of deadly force during this traffic stop would have been entirely avoidable.
The report uses 7 pages (Section 3, pages 8 through 15) to detail and document policy and procedures, but does not reference a specific section of the police training manual to support the assertion.
The report does offer the following in support of the assertion (emphasis added):
It is standard police practice, critical to officer safety, never to reach into an occupied vehicle during a traffic stop. It is taught as part of basic training in the police academy and is reinforced by FTOs on patrols with Officers-in-Training. Almost all of the UCPD officers interviewed by Kroll confirmed that they have been properly trained to not reach into a vehicle during a traffic stop. Many of these same officers cited the tragic line-of-duty death of CPD Officer Kevin Crayon on September 1, 2000. Officer Crayon was dragged to his death after reaching into a vehicle in an attempt to stop a 12-year-old driver from striking pedestrians and fleeing the scene.
But then the report concludes with the following final point in section 6, Recommendations (emphasis added):
Create an In-Service Training Module to specifically address traffic stop safety. This training
should emphasize the inherent dangers to officers, drivers, passengers, and innocent by-standers when an officer reaches inside an occupied motor vehicle during a traffic stop.
This raises the following reasonable questions:
If "Almost all of the UCPD officers interviewed by Kroll confirmed that they have been properly trained to not reach into a vehicle during a traffic stop" who were the officers that did not confirm that they have been "properly trained to not reach into a vehicle during a traffic stop" ? Does this list of officer(s) include individual(s) beside Officer Ray Tensing?
If the report states the standard police practice is to "never reach into an occupied vehicle during a traffic stop" why is it necessary to "create an In-Service Training Module" to "emphasize the inherent dangers to officers, drivers, passengers, and innocent by-standers when an officer reaches inside an occupied motor vehicle during a traffic stop"?
Does the existing training module already state that an officer should "never...reach into an occupied vehicle during a traffic stop" and if it does, why wasn't it referenced in the report?
Why is Kroll recommending that officers be educated on the dangers "when an officer reaches inside an occupied motor vehicle during a traffic stop"; implying that there are some circumstances when an officer may reach inside a car? If the rule and policy is "never to reach into an occupied vehicle during a traffic stop" is it necessary to educate officers on the dangers of what happens when they are doing something they shouldn't be doing in the first place?
This August 22, 2015 news report quotes Kansas Highway Patrol Trooper Chad Crittenden on a situation where it is necessary to reach into a car (emphasis added):
...Police officials aren’t saying why the officer, who has been on the force for more than six years, reached into the Prius. But law enforcement officers say it isn’t a step taken lightly.
“We definitely don’t want to go in through an open window,” Kansas Highway Patrol Trooper Chad Crittenden said.
Still, if an officer pulls over a motorist or sees a car on the side of the road and they approach and realize the driver is intoxicated, he said, “you need to get that vehicle turned off or in park.”
It’s not uncommon for an officer in that situation to reach in to turn off the ignition so the impaired motorist doesn’t take off and endanger others on the road, he said. But if the officer reaches in and their arm gets entangled in the steering wheel, “it can go wrong really quick,” especially if the driver decides to put the car in gear and take off...
The analysis makes reference to U.S. Supreme Court Case Graham v. Connor:
...(c) The Fourth Amendment "reasonableness" inquiry is whether the officers' actions are "objectively reasonable" in light of the facts and circumstances confronting them, without regard to their underlying intent or motivation. The "reasonableness" of a particular use of force must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, and its calculus must embody an allowance for the fact that police officers are often forced to make split-second decisions about the amount of force necessary in a particular situation... (cite)
"The State is unaware of evidence favorable to the Defendant."
They haven't looked or are purposefully avoiding the evidence. Update 8: (8/19/2015):
WCPO video interview with Hamilton County Prosecutor Joe Deters. At the start of the interview Deters challenges the reporter by saying he did not indict Officer Ray Tensing, but the grand jury did:
Reporter: Let's start with Ray Tensing. It's been almost two weeks since you indicted him.
Deters (interrupting): I didn't, the grand jury did.
Then at 11:00 Deters says the following:
..."Right after it happened I talked to the mayor … and he said to me, 'I think you might have stopped a riot.' And I said, 'John, that might be true, but that's not why I did this.'
"I did it because it was the right thing to do. I did this because we believe he intentionally shot him in the head."...
...Police Officer Ray Tensing was hired to patrol the CUF area for the drug dealers, burglars and violent people who have plagued that community for decades. We can assume that he sensed DuBose was one of these. A police officer has to have a pretext to stop and talk to suspected criminals. Tensing found one – the car had only one license plate.
Tensing didn't know it at the time, but he was right! DuBose's records show that he was a drug dealer, burglar and violent person – just what Tensing was hired to look for. He was also illegally driving the car, illegally had drugs for sale, and obviously lying to Tensing at the traffic stop.
In the next few seconds, both made some bad decisions. DuBose illegally failed to comply with Tensing's orders, illegally resisted arrest, and illegally drove off. Tensing reached into the car. DuBose sped up regardless of the danger to Tensing. Both would probably tell you these were the dumbest things either had done in their lives. But only DuBose's actions had criminal intent.
...Q: The officer's attorney told us that the officer was dragged. And the incident report suggests that, too. Does the video show that at all?
Deters: No, he wasn't dragged.
Q: Was he ever knocked to the ground, from the hood of the car to the ground?
Deters: No, he fell backwards after he shot him in the head...
Update 5: (8/2/2015):
This analysis just published today by Compass Check Consulting Services, LLC is very detailed:
Updated version of same analysis with more details and questions for the prosecution:
Update 4: (8/2/2015):
Another frame-by-frame analysis by 'ScienceMadeEasy' with more details:
Assuming a formal forensic analysis (as called for below) establishes that the Mr. DuBose's car was moving (as CNN reports; see Update 2) while Officer Tensing was holding on to the seat belt (see: Time Mark: 3:16 below), the jury will have an opportunity to assess Tensing's state of mind and the accuracy of his statements to Officer Weibel.
The analysis below may ultimately call into question the prosecutor's indictment and claims by the media (like CNN) that the video does not support Tensing's statements:
...Officer Tensing stated that he was attempting a traffic stop (No front license plate) when, at some point, he began to be dragged by a male black driver who was operating a 1998 Green Honda Accord(OH.GLN6917). Officer Tensing stated that he almost was run over by the driver of the Honda Accord and was forced to shoot the driver with his duty weapon (Sig Sauer P320). Officer Tensing stated that he fired a single shot. Officer Tensing repeated that he was being dragged by the vehicle and had to fire his weapon...
At a minimum, Tensing's defense team may use this as evidence to argue reasonable doubt.
To support the 'state of mind' argument, Officer Tensing is heard in the video yelling "Stop, Stop". Consider this: does someone yell "Stop!, Stop!" to something that's already stopped or something that is moving and they want to get it to stop?
So to be perfectly clear:
Will it be forensically established, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the car was moving before Officer Tensing used his gun.
If (1) is established, did Officer Tensing, who was holding the seat belt (as established by Time Mark 3:16 below) while the car was moving, have a reasonable fear in his mind that he was being dragged; resulting in the use of his firearm to defend himself.
Update 2: (8/2/2015):
CNN is reporting (with video starting at 0:58) that Sam DuBose's car moved before Officer Ray Tensing fires his gun:
...Frame by frame you see the police officer reach for DuBose's door. Asks Dubose, who is driving on a suspended license, to remove his seat belt. DuBose starts the car. It begins to move. The officer's gun comes out. He shouts "Stop, Stop". Then the gun shot. The car speeds up. The officer is on the ground. The gun in front of the camera...
CNN does not analyze the oil stains evidence, as is done below, to show that Officer Tensing was indeed dragged.
Update 1 (8/2/2015):
Food for thought:
Scared Cop ≠ Bad Cop:
Start of original post (before updates):
On July 29, 2015, Officer Ray Tensing was charged with murder in the July 19, 2015 death of a Sam DuBose.
Officer Ray Tensing has asserted that he was dragged during the incident. The Huffington Post reports (emphasis added):
...But [Prosecutor] Deters said Wednesday that the video doesn't support that telling of events.
Rather than being dragged by the moving car, Deters said, Tensing "fell backward after he shot [DuBose] in the head."
The video does appear to support Deters' account that Tensing fell backwards after firing the shot.
In the video, Tensing repeatedly asks DuBose if he has a license. DuBose says he has one and it's not suspended, but he doesn't have it on him.
Tensing then asks DuBose to take his seat belt off. At that point, DuBose appears to put his right hand on the key in the ignition, and it sounds as if his car is starting.
Tensing screams, "Stop! Stop!" before firing his gun at DuBose.
The officer falls backwards onto the ground and then gets up and starts running. There's no clear indication that Tensing was dragged beforehe shot DuBose...
The following type of analysis and evidence from Officer Tensing's body cam will more than likely be part of the trial and search for justice; for Mr. DuBose, Officer Tensing and the whole Cincinnati community. Both the death of a fellow citizen and the prosecution of an officer sworn to protect us is a serious matter worthy of thoughtful and fair assessment.
This initial analysis of the video challenges the reported assertion that "Rather than being dragged by the moving car, Deters said, Tensing "fell backward after he shot [DuBose] in the head."
In addition, the analysis points the way to determine if there is "clear indication that Tensing was dragged beforehe shot DuBose". The analysis shows that an angle made by a line from the license plate of an automobile parked in a driveway to the passenger-side door-release knob becomes more obtuse (gets larger) from the time the car is turned on by Mr. DuBose to the time Officer Tensing fires his gun.
Note: A formal forensic analysis that accurately accounts for the relative positioning of items noted in this analysis and for the possible body cam fish-eye-like distortion would be required for a definitive conclusion.
Ultimately, a jury of his peers will determine if Officer Tensing properly feared for his life during the incident, but the jury should have all the facts when an officer's liberty is at stake and a fellow citizen is dead as a result of his actions.
Evidence/Analysis: Two video frames; one unaltered; the second with a red arrow identifier for the large pole along the fence:
Mr. DuBose's is the passenger in the dark car on the far right of the frame.
There is no car parked along the fence.
Seven (7) vertical steel fence beams down along the fence is a large pole (see red arrow) which will be referred to later.
Time Mark: 1:25
Evidence/Analysis: Two video frames; one unaltered; the second with red arrows that identify oil stains on the road, the automobile parked in the driveway and a line from the center of the automobile to the passenger-side door-release knob:
A small oil stain is located near the driver-side, front wheel of Mr. DuBose's car.
Two large oil stains are located several feet down the road in front of Mr. DuBose's car.
Time Mark: 2:06
Evidence/Analysis: Two video frames; one unaltered; the second with a red line from the center of the parked automobile in the driveway to the door release knob in Mr. Dubose's car.
Time Mark: 3:15
Evidence/Analysis: Two video frames; one unaltered; the second with a red line from the center of the automobile parked in the driveway to the door release knob in Mr. DuBose's car. The approximate angle made by the red lines is 110 degrees. The 3:15 video mark is approximately 1 second after Mr. Dubose has turned on the car. Take careful note of how much of the automobile is visible in the area that frames the passenger-side window.
Time Mark: 3:16
Evidence/Analysis: Two video frames; one unaltered; the second with two red lines that make an angle of approximately 115 degrees. Note that more of the automobile in the driveway can now be seen within the frame around the passenger-side window.
The formal forensic analysis will have to determine if the effect of seeing more of the automobile in the driveway through the passenger window is a result of:
the car moving;
Officer Tensing moving to his right;
Officer Tensing moving closer to the car;
or any combination of all three dynamics.
Officer Tensing is clearly grabbing Mr. DuBose's seat belt.
Time Mark: 3:17 The moment Mr. DuBose is shot.
Evidence/Analysis: Two video frames; one unaltered; the second with two red lines that make an angle of approximately 145 degrees. Note that the automobile in the driveway can now be completely seen within the frame around the passenger-side window.
The angle made by the red lines has grown from 110 degrees to 145 degrees suggesting that the car has moved. This possible movement of the car, while Officer Tensing was holding the seat belt, is probably what Officer Tensing reported as being dragged.
Time Mark: 3:19
Evidence/Analysis: Officer Tensing and the body camera are now facing the fence beyond the the pole identified in initial frame at video time mark 1:15. Officer Tensing is on the ground. Two video frames; one unaltered; the second with red arrows identifying the pole and a passenger car that may have an additional witness to the incident since that car was not there when the stop was initiated. Note that it looks like the brake lights on the car are on.
Time Mark: 3:22 Officer Tensing is lifting himself from the ground.
Evidence/Analysis: Two video frames; one unaltered; the second with red arrows identifying the oil marks from video frame above at 1:25. This is conclusive evidence that Prosecutor Deters' assertion that "Rather than being dragged by the moving car, Deters said, Tensing "fell backward after he shot [DuBose] in the head." is incorrect.
The evidence clearly shows that Officer Tensing was dragged from the location where Mr. DuBose's car was at 1:25 in the video (shown again below for reference) to where Officer Tensing is at 3:22 in the video.
"Any man who is under 30, and is not a liberal, has not heart; and any man who is over 30, and is not a conservative, has no brains." -Winston Churchill
"An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last" -Winston Churchill
"If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be." -Thomas Jefferson
"The day that this country ceases to be free for irreligion it will cease to be free for religion - except for the sect that can win political power." -Justice Robert H. Jackson
"A government that is big enough to give you all you want is big enough to take it all away." -Barry Goldwater
"The trouble with socialism is that you eventually run out of other people's money." -Margaret Thatcher
"On two occasions I have been asked, 'Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?' I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question." -Charles Babbage
"Better be alone than in bad company." -Thomas Fuller
"It is an equal failing to trust everybody and to trust nobody." -Thomas Fuller
"Wit is the cadence of an enlightened mind." -Porkopolis
"Being #1 is desirable, but #2 ain't shit." -Porkopolis
"Questions that have answers prepare us for questions yet to be answered." -Porkopolis' riff on the Socratic method
"A wealthy man knows when he's rich enough." -Porkopolis
"Politics is the compromise of principles by principals." -Porkopolis
